Install Windows 10 after Ubuntu / Linux

https://www.linuxdeveloper.space/install-windows-after-linux/

When I rebooted, Windows 10 was not on the Grub menu, but that was an easy fix. After booting into Ubuntu, simply use a terminal to run "os-prober" which should find Windows 10, then run "update-grub"

 

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Install Windows after Ubuntu/Linux

October 11, 2017

As you know, the most common, and probably the most recommended way of dual booting Ubuntu and Windows is to install Windows first and then Ubuntu. But what if you want to install Windows second on a computer with Ubuntu/Linux already installed?

This guide assumes that you have Ubuntu already installed on your system, and will guide you through installing Windows 7/8/8.1/10 when you have a working Ubuntu/Linux partition.

The problem here is that the Windows installer tends to overwrite Grub bootloader or whatever making only the Windows installation bootable. But the good news is that your Linux partition is untouched, including the original bootloader and the other Grub configurations. So restoring or recovering Grub is just a matter of running a few commands on the terminal.

Install Windows on a Separate Partition

If your Ubuntu installation occupies the entire hard drive, to be able to create free space for the Windows installation, you may have to shrink an existing partition using a disk utility like GParted. GParted comes preinstalled on Ubuntu LiveCD.

Boot into a Windows installation media and complete the installation

Once installed, because of Microsoft’s false assumption that there are no non-Microsoft operating systems you’ll be taken straight into Windows.

Restore / Reinstall Grub 2 with a Ubuntu Live Media

1. Now boot into a Ubuntu Live/USB or CD.
2. Open a terminal. (Ctrl + Alt + t)
3. Use a command like lsblk, blkid or GParted to identify your Linux root, and boot partitions. You may or may not have a separate boot partition.

4. Find Linux Partitions

    $ lsblk -f
    NAME                  FSTYPE     MOUNTPOINT
    sda                                                                            
    ├─sda1                ext4       /boot
    ├─sda2                ext4       /
    ├─sda3                ntfs       
   

   In my case,

   /dev/sda1 is the Linux boot partition

   /dev/sda2 is the Linux root partition

   /dev/sda3 is the Windows partition

5. Setup a Chroot Environment

   Now we’ll be repairing our old grub bootloader in a chroot environment.

   Mount your root filesystem under /mnt

    sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/
   

   If you’re using BTRFS (New Linux B-Tree File System) instead of EXT4, the above command should change to sudo mount -t btrfs -o subvol=@ /dev/sda2 /mnt/

   Run ls /mnt to verify that the correct partition is mounted. It should list the content of your root.

    $ ls /mnt
    bin   dev  home        lib64       media  opt   root  sbin  sys  usr  vmlinuz
    boot  etc  initrd.img  lost+found  mnt    proc  run   srv   tmp  var  vmlinuz.old
   

   Mount the boot partition. (SKIP if you don’t have a separate boot partition)

    sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
   

   If you have an EFI partition you should mount that also. It is basically a small FAT32 partition around 100mb. Please refer to the section on how to reinstall Grub in an EFI system.

   Bind these directories, so grub can detect other operating systems, like so.

    sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
    sudo mount --bind /dev/pts /mnt/dev/pts
    sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
    sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
   

   Let’s chroot into our existing Ubuntu/Linux system on the hard disk.

    sudo chroot /mnt
   

6. Reinstall Grub.

    grub-install /dev/sda (specify the disk `/dev/sdX`, not `/dev/sdaX`)
    grub-install --recheck /dev/sda
    exit
   

   Once you’ve successfully reinstalled Grub, restart the computer. On next reboot Grub will be the default bootloader and you’ll be presented with a list of operating systems to choose from (Ubuntu and Windows, of course).

Reinstalling Grub in an EFI Based System

Reinstalling Grub bootloader in a UEFI based computer is no different from installing Grub on a legacy BIOS system. Here we also mount the EFI partition before chrooting, as we’d do with the boot partition.

Case #2

$ lsblk -f
NAME                  FSTYPE     MOUNTPOINT
sda                                                                            
├─sda1                ext4       /boot/efi
├─sda2                ext4       /
├─sda3                ntfs       

Here /dev/sda1 is the EFI partition and /dev/sda2 is the root.

sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/

Mount EFI partition under ‘/mnt/boot/efi’

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi

Forgetting to do so will result in errors being thrown while trying to execute grub-install: “/boot/efi does not appear to be the EFI partition”

As shown previously, bind the /dev, /dev/pts, /proc, and /sys directories.

Finally,

sudo chroot /mnt
grub-install
exit

In some rare occasions, Grub might not detect Windows. In that case just login to Ubuntu (installed one on the disk, not the bootable Live USB/CD) and execute,

sudo os-prober
sudo update-grub
sudo reboot

Happy Dual-Booting!

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